Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifiers

ERBIUM DOPED WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS

Erbium doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs)

The introduc tion of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) has greatly benefited the implementation of fibre optic l inks operating at 1.5 µm waveleng th, by reducing the need for electronic regeneration of very high bandwidth signals. Even greater benefits could be realised from ampli fiers in planar form, where they could be integrated with other functions. This could compensate for insertion losses in passive components, particularly those key components (e.g. star couplers and wavelength demultiplexers) which need to split the incoming power among a number of outputs.

The main challenge in developing a planar glass waveguide amplifier lies in achieving the required gain over a short path, which requires very high dopant levels. We are investigating the insertion of Er and other rare-earth dopants in sol-gel silica-on-silicon waveguides, to form erbium doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs). The sol gel glass is deposited by repetitive cycles of spin coating and rapid thermal annealing. Because of the great flexibility of the process, a relatively large number of glass constituents may easily be combined together,

By minimising the process temperatures, and choosing the co-dopants carefully, we have now demonstrated Er-doped channel guides with an internal gain of 1.35 dB/cm, the highest figure demonstrated for erbium doped silica-on-silicon to date. Low fibre coupling loss has also been obtained, so that net fibre-device-fibre gain can be achieved.

Erbium-doped channel waveguide silica-on-silicon optical 
amplifier formed in sol-gel glass. The green streak arises from upconversion.

Arrangement for measurement of erbium doped waveguide amplifiers.

Transmission spectra obtained from 5.5 cm long EDWA, showing almost complete inversion at high pump powers.

For tutorial :  

Read  :  ERBIUM DOPED WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS (EDWA)

Download via Mediafire : ERBIUM DOPED WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS (EDWA)

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Sumber : Imperial College London